Nutrition That Scores for Young Athletes
Nutrition for Sports and Exercise (Healthy Eating, a Guide to Nutrition)
List Price: $35.00
Your Price: $35.00
Fit Kids for Life: A Parent's Guide to Optimal Nutrition & Training for Young Athletes
List Price: $16.99
Your Price: $16.99
By Neal Spruce
Nutrition Makes a Difference
Optimal athletic performance requires food and nutrient intake that is tailored to each athlete’s sport, training schedule and individual needs. Many athletes, especially younger ones, gravitate toward typical eating patterns which can significantly decrease their chances to reach their peak performance. The basics of performance nutrition are discussed here so your developing athlete can feel and perform their very best.
Energy is the Foundation for Success
The daily calorie intake for every youth athlete should provide sufficient energy needed for growth and development, optimal functioning and all activities. Just as a high performance car uses a special blend of gasoline to achieve peak performance, athletes also require the proper mixture of fuel (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) to perform optimally. Therefore, the “blend” of fuel and timing of meals and snacks are critical to maximizing performance potential. Daily calorie requirements will be different for each athlete but general recommendations are as follows:
- Active girls ages 9 to 13: approximately 2,070 calories per day
- Active boys ages 9 to 13: approximately 2,279 calories per day
- Active girls ages 14 to 18: approximately 2,368 calories per day
- Active boys ages 14 to 18: approximately 3,152 calories per day
- Very active kids and adolescents may need more, especially during growth spurts
Carbohydrates – The Main Energy Source
Carbohydrates, which rapidly break down to blood sugar (glucose), are the body’s primary and favorite energy source. The nervous system, brain, and the muscles are largely fed by glucose. Therefore, a continuous supply of carbohydrates is necessary to prevent body stores from being depleted. Inadequate carbohydrate intake leads to low energy levels, fatigue and impaired performance. Proper management of the amounts, types and timing of this nutrient is required to fill and refill the main “gas tank”. Key carbohydrate guidelines are listed here:
- Carbohydrates should make up approximately 60 percent of your child’s diet.
- Starches and grains (breads, pasta, rice, potatoes, etc) should be eaten at each major meal throughout the day to provide a lasting energy source. Major meals should be eaten three to four hours apart.
- Carbohydrates such as fruit, energy bars/shakes, and sports drinks are ideal for rapid fueling before activity and immediately after exercise to optimize recovery.
- Depending on the sport, the growing athlete should consume 3 to 4.5 grams of carbohydrates per pound of body weight per day.
Protein – The Building Blocks
Muscles and other body tissues are made up of proteins. Although protein contains the same amount of energy as carbohydrates, its primary function is the growth and repair of these tissues. Because it is an inefficient source of energy, very little protein is used for fuel unless carbohydrate intake is limited or energy demands are extreme. As you see here, protein is metabolized for energy rather than to build new tissue. Eating adequate amounts of carbohydrates spares protein for building and repairing tissues and prevents the loss of lean tissue. General protein recommendations are listed below.
- Protein should make up approximately 15 to 20 percent of total daily calories which most people, including children and adolescents, meet with a typical diet.
- The daily protein requirement for sedentary youth ages 9 to 18 is approximately 0.35 grams per pound of body weight per day for proper growth and repair. However, active adults, children and adolescents require more protein – up to 1 gram per pound of body weight per day.
- Lean meats, poultry without the skin, fish, eggs and soy products are excellent sources of protein. Other sources include beans, nuts and low-fat dairy products.
Fats – The Body’s Unlimited Energy Source
Dietary fats are essential to health because they help deliver vitamins, minerals and nutrients needed for normal growth and functioning. However, most people get more than enough fat in their diet. Furthermore, fat is not the main energy source during exercise and the body’s stores cannot be depleted during exercise. This means daily fat intake is less important than carbohydrate and protein needs. In fact, what leads to fatigue – or what athletes refer to as “bonking” – is the depletion of carbohydrates. You’ll find the guidelines for fat intake below:
- Fat should make up approximately 25% percent of the youth athlete’s diet.
- The majority of fat intake will automatically come from protein foods such as meat, fish, milk and other dairy products.
- Good sources of healthy fats include olive oil, canola oil and nuts.
Summary
Based on the sport, the goal of performance nutrition is to eat carbohydrates, protein and fats in ideal amounts and at proper times to allow the youth athlete to perform at a high level and maintain normal growth and development patterns. By keeping protein intake within the proper range to satisfy growth and repair, your young athlete can consume as much carbohydrate as necessary to keep filling the main “gas tank” and leave the remaining calories for dietary fats. For information, see Proper Hydration, Loading Your Energy Systems and Pre- and Post-Training Meals and Snacks.
References
- Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Values for Energy for Active Individuals. Washington DC, 2002. The National Academies Press.
- Petrie HJ, Stover EA, Horswill CA. Nutritional concerns for the child and adolescent competitor. Nutrition. 2004 Jul-Aug;20(7-8):620-31. Review.
- McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch, VL. Sports & Exercise Nutrition. Maryland: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
- 1999. p. 15.
- Burke LM, Kiens B, Ivy JL. Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery. J Sports Sci. 2004 Jan;22(1):15-30. Review.
- Haff GG. “Carbohydrates.” Essentials of Sports Nutrition and Supplements. Ed. Antonio J, et al. New Jersey: Human Press, 2007. 298.
- Maughan RJ, Burke LM. Sports nutrition. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, 2002
- Unnithan VB, Goulopoulou S. Nutrition for the pediatric athlete. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2004 Aug;3(4):206-11.
- Ziegenfuss TN, Landis J. “Protein.” Essentials of Sports Nutrition and Supplements. Ed. Antonio J, et al. New Jersey: Human Press, 2007. 256.
- Committee on Nutrition, American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatric nutrition handbook, 3 ed. Elk Grove, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1993
Copyright (c) 2009 Neal Spruce
Neal Spruce is chairman of the board for the prestigious National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) and founder dotFIT, LLC. Neal is a fitness specialist, author, licensed teacher, researcher, bodybuilding champion, personal fitness consultant and speaker. dotFIT is the leader in online fitness and weight loss programs.
Similar Posts:
- Importance of High Protein and Low Fat Diet
- Pre-Workout Nutrition For Ultimate Performance and Fat Loss
- Interesting Nutrition Tips For The Holiday Season
- Why Protein Is Important For Building Muscle
- Breaking Fat Loss Plateaus Through Nutrition Strategies
Tags: Active Kids, Best Energy, Boys Ages, Calories Per Day, Carbohydrate Intake, Carbohydrates, Continuous Supply, Daily Calorie Intake, Daily Calorie Requirements, Fats, Gas Tank, Girls Ages, Growth Spurts, Maximizing Performance, Nutrient Intake, Optimal Athletic Performance, Performance Athletes, Performance Nutrition, Proper Management, Proper Mixture, Proteins, Sport Training, Sugar Glucose
If you enjoyed this post, please consider to leave a comment or subscribe to the feed and get future articles delivered to your feed reader.
